Left Out in the Rain
By Gary Snyder
Shoemaker Hoard Publishers
209 pages
reviewed by Stephen Page
Reading Snyder is like taking a stroll through the woods on a pleasant early summer morning, the scent of fecund earth filling your nostrils, fresh air your lungs, birdsong your ears. Sunlight flickers through the tree canopy and you blink, suddenly realizing that the woods no longer exists, that you are standing on a hillside of tree stumps, smell only sawdust and carbon monoxide, hear only the traffic on the highway behind you. You know what will follow, because the same thing has happened before in almost every country in the world, the tree stumps will be removed, the hill will be farmed or constructed with a house, and the next big rainfall will wash away the topsoil leaving only rock and shale. Reading Snyder you feel you have travelled around the globe with him, climbed mountains, been indoctrinated into Dharma, witnessed the human race repeat the same mistakes over and over again since the beginnings of recorded history—those same crimes against nature which affect standards of global life and community. Snyder’s poems are immediate and vivid. You feel plunged into his world. You feel sung to by the body earth, you feel sung to by the body universe, you feel sung to by the bodies of his lovers. Left Out in the Rain is a book packed full of high-quality poems, however, there are a few poems in the collection that could have been left to weather a bit longer before they were published.
Snyder starts the collection wonderfully. In “Elk Trails,” he comes down from the mountains, sage-like, full of knowledge and learning, enlightened by the Gods:
I have walked you, ancient trails,
Along the narrow rocking ridges
High above the mountains that
Make up your world:
Looking down on giant trees, silent
In the purple shadow of ravines
Along the spire-like alpine fir
Above the high, steep slanting meadows
Where sun-softened snowfields share the earth
With flowers….
Dainty Alpine flowers.
And from the ridgetops I have followed you
Down through the heather fields, through timber,
Downward winding to the hoof-churned shore of
One tiny blue-green mountain lake
Untouched by the lips of men………
In the snow, or napping in the mountain grasses
On warm summer afternoons, high in the meadows.
And their God laughs low and often
At the man-made trails….
Ancient wandering trials
Cut and edged by centuries of cloven hooves
….Routes and destination seemed aimless, but
Charted by the sharp-tempered guardian of creatures,
Instinct….
(High above, the Elk walk in the evening
From one pasture to another
Scrambling on the rock and snow
While their ancient wandering,
Aimless trails.
And their ancient, coarse-haired,
Thin-flanked God
Laughs in silent wind-like chuckles
At man, and all his trails.
The meter here is natural, rhythmic. It works as an imitation of walking, stepping, in relation to the actions of the narrator and the Elk. The lines move effortlessly from trochaic to iambic, occasionally anapestic, as one would occasionally miss a step when walking upon a snow ridge, but it is never forced, never unnatural. The sibilance of the consonant s adds a slipping and sliding effect to the step. Thematically, the character has come down from the mountains realizing that man is not in tune with nature. Man needs to make his path like the Elk do, instinctively.
Cleverly, the second poem follows:
Out of the soil and rock,
The growing sea and spring, death
and winter,
Out of cold the cold and rain, dust and sunshine,
Came the music of cities and street,
The people……
Creatures of salt, carbon, nitrogen, water….
The city smoke and building steel
Already is no more;
The music and cities of the future wait beyond the edge.
Man and nature spring from the same place, not only that, we are made up of the same materials. However, man cannot continue the way he lives. He must change to remain in sync with the world. Snyder ends on a positive point, that the method of change is just a while into the future. The first line, indented, is intelligently constructed like a fountain exuding materials. The varied line length reflects the swinging back and forth from nature to cities to nature.
Similar to the first poem, the love poem “She dreamed . . .” works metrically like stepping, in the manner of a cougar, pacing, bounding, turning, running. Again well done. The poem also stipulates, metaphorically, a need for man to get back to his natural ways.
In “The Persimmons,” Snyder reveals something many environmentally concerned people are not aware of:
…where the Great Wall wanders
the oaks had been cut for lumber or charcoal
by Genghis Khan’s time.
Man has been destructively exploiting the earth for a long time, and this behavior has not been limited to Western culture, consumerism, and capitalism as many people now believe. The poem is structured in free verse, short-lined, densely packed like a layering of thousands of human generations.
“Know,” is a poem that expands on the topic of man and nature:
The trees know
Stars to be sources
Like the sun,
Of their life;
But many and tiny
Sprinkled through the dark
When,
Where has the sun gone—–
We all come from stardust. The sun is just one of many stars. We are just a speck in the huge universe. Snyder cleverly constructs the poem in short flowing lines so that it imitates the sprinkling down of stardust.
Unfortunately, we need talk a bit about the not-so-good poems. “Song for a Cougar Hide,” is a rhyming poem set up mostly in iambic tetrameter. It is not consistent though, and some of the lines fall into trimeter:
The fully human time is nigh,
Alas, the other beasts must die…
I have logged and I have planted
Killed and birthed in measure
Forgot what I learned to learn
A cougar hide’s my treasure.
The meter is forced in order to get to an overly obvious end rhyme. By using archaic words like ‘nigh’ and ‘alas,’ Snyder is either lost or being ironic. In either event it does not work within the collection.
And then there is the poem “Poetry Is the Eagle of Experience,” with the line ‘A whistle of Wings!’ Isn’t that a little bit of a cliché? Also, there are the poems on pages 181 and 192 where the meter is also forced and the rhyme predictable. Snyder, Snyder, Snyder—read bishop, Auden, and Shakespeare if you want to learn how to make rhyme and meter natural. Finally there is the anti-haiku ‘Spring’ that becomes a gem out of Snyder’s sarcasm. An accidentally well-done haiku.
Snyder is better off sticking to free verse. There his poems flow and form to the subject matter. His muse works better that way. He went to the trouble of adding an introduction to this republication. He states that many of the poems were just exercises and playing around with forms. If this is true, why put them in a collection with so many good poems? Why not include them in another book, one about how and how not to write poems? He seems to be slitting his own throat. The poems themselves hand him the knife, as in the anti-haiku that becomes a great haiku. Writing forced meter and predictable rhyme as an anti-traditional statement does not reveal that traditional verse is bad poetry, it only reveals that Snyder was not successful at writing traditional verse. He also states in the introduction that the title ‘is not to be taken as meaning discarded or deserving neglect.’ It appears weak having to explain this. Is it because he received so much flak from readers and critics as to the quality of some of the poems? He might have saved himself by having someone else write the introduction. Better yet, to have better edited the weaker poems, or to have never published them in the first place. He does manage a bit of deliverance by ending the collection with a prose poem, perhaps an admittance of what he should be writing.
This review first published on Gently Read Literature
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